科威特，科威特城，哈姆拉菲尔杜斯大厦/ SOM

SOM建筑事务所设计的哈姆拉菲尔杜斯大厦被《时代》杂志提名为2011年度最重要发明之一，同时也将成为科威特的最高建筑。这栋标志性建筑仿佛自我拥抱一般向内折叠起来，同时也形成了非常有效的建筑形式——将视野最大化，并使太阳辐射得热量达到最小。这栋商业综合建筑将在今年年初竣工，由办公室、一家健身俱乐部以及一座容纳剧院和美食广场的高端购物中心组成。下面继续了解建筑师提供的项目描述。

建筑师：Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

客户/开发商：Al Hamra Real Estate and Entertainment Co., Mr. Abdulaziz Alhumaidhi

地点：科威特，科威特城

占地面积：10,000 m2

建筑面积：195,000 m2

高度：412 m (74 stories)

竣工时间：2011

哈姆拉菲尔杜斯大厦位于科威特城的中心区域，高412m，是一座地标性的高层建筑，拥有标志性的雕塑形式，在这里可以欣赏到阿拉伯湾的壮观美景。建筑形式的纯粹性，通过简单的切除设计表达出来，使之在科威特的中心成了一个永恒的优雅标志。

设计师们希望在办公层面上将视野最大化，并尽量减少太阳辐射得热量，为了达到这个目的，他们把每块楼板都在南侧切掉了四分之一，并且沿着整个大厦的高度从西向东扭动。这样就使得在建筑物的南侧呈现出一片饱满的巨石墙面，由优雅的带状扭曲墙面构成，勾勒出这座大厦所特有的建筑形式。

建筑物的外观看起来既像一座精巧优雅的现代雕塑，又像一个掩盖在精美的玻璃面纱之下的身影，反射出阿拉伯半岛的轮廓。由此产生的建筑形式使得面向海湾地区的大厦北面、东面和西面呈现为透明结构，而承受着沙漠烈日暴晒的南面则几乎完全不透明。

建筑师将南侧墙面打造得非常坚固，这样就可以减少太阳辐射。开口的形成以外围护结构与太阳照射方向之间的关系为基础。内墙的几何形状满足了尽量减少太阳辐射得热量这一要求。这面墙不仅可以帮助建筑物抵挡恶劣的环境条件，而且也相当于建筑物的脊柱。大厦的最高点不仅呈现出雕刻的喇叭花形的墙面几何形状，同时也表现出建筑结构无限向上延续的寓意。在大厦的每一层，都有一个人行天桥连接着两侧，利用建筑物南侧墙面上如雕刻一般的深窗呈现出了生动的空间体验，同时在这里也可以向南侧俯瞰这座城市及至整个阿拉伯半岛的美景，以及眺望远处广袤无垠的沙漠风光。

在大厦内部也打造了一个20m高的壮丽大厅欢迎客人们的到来，用铰接的薄层结构支撑着上层建筑，同时也连接着下方的空间。大厅的几何结构是应用了薄层结构的设计原理而形成的。这种结构使建筑物和基础之间形成了一种连续性，也充当了建筑物的加固部分，同时也与整体结构完美地融合在了一起。

建筑师：Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

设计合作者：Gary Haney, AIA

任事股东：Peter Magill, AIA

技术合作方：Carl Galioto, FAIA

项目经理：Donald R. Williams, AIA

高级经理：Aybars Asci, AIA

高级技术协调员：Mark Igou, AIA

设计师：Dean MacKenzie

技术协调：Samuel Ness, Eric Van Epps, James Mallory, Noppon Pisutharnon, Yasemin Kologlu, Souraya Daouk, Tobias Schwinn

参与设计建筑师：Al-Jazera Consultants

结构工程师：Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP

结构合作方：Mark Sarkisian, Neville Mathais

高级结构工程师：Aarom Mazeika

机电工程师：Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

机电工程指导：Roger Frechette, PE, LEED AP

高级机械工程师：Philip Sawyer

高级电气工程师：Ermenegildo Di Iorio

机械工程师：Michael Scotter

项目经理：Turner Construction Co., International

总承包商：Ahmadiah Contracting & Trading Co.

电信、声学、安全与IT技术：Shen Milsom & Wilke

垂直交通：Van Deusen & Associates

立面维修：Entek Engineering

防火：Arup

岩土：Consultancy Group Company

景观：Francis Landscapes

照明：OVI (Office for Visual Interaction)

交通：Parsons Brinkerhoff

外文原文显示/关闭

Named One of the Best Inventions of 2011 by Time Magazine, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill’s (SOM) Al Hamra Firdous Tower will be the tallest building in Kuwait. The iconic structure appears to fold into itself, creating an efficient form designed to maximize views and minimize solar heat gain. The commercial complex will be complete early this year and is comprised of offices, a health club and a high-end shopping mall with theaters and a food court. Continue reading for the architect’s project description.

Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Client / Developer: Al Hamra Real Estate and Entertainment Co., Mr. Abdulaziz Alhumaidhi

Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait

Site Area: 10,000 m2

Size: 195,000 m2

Height: 412 m (74 stories)

Completion Year: 2011

Rising 412 meters in the center of Kuwait City, Al Hamra Firdous Tower is a landmark tower of iconic sculptural form that offers breathtaking views of the Arabian Gulf. The purity of its form, expressed by a simple operation of removal, will be a timeless, elegant marker in the heart of Kuwait.

With the aim of maximizing views and minimizing solar heat gain on the office floors, a quarter of each floor plate is chiseled out of the south side, shifting from west to east over the height of the tower. The result reveals a rich, monolithic stone at the south wall framed by the graceful, twisting ribbons of torqued walls, defining the iconic form of the tower.

The building’s appearance resembles a subtle, elegant modern sculpture or an enshrouded figure with its delicate glass veil reflecting the profile of the peninsula. The resultant form will provide transparency on the north, east and west sides towards the Gulf and near-complete opacity side against the severe desert sun to the south.

The solid south wall is generated in order to decrease the solar radiation. Openings are based on the relationship of the envelope and its position in relation to the sun. The geometry of the interior wall is generated and responds to the need to minimize solar heat gain. This wall not only protects the building from critical environmental conditions, but also takes on the role of the structural spine of the building. The point at the apex of the tower not only resolves this complex geometry of the carved flared walls but also implies the continuation of the sculptural form infinitely upwards. On each floor of the tower a skybridge connects the two wings and presents a dramatic spatial experience with deep sculpted windows in the south wall providing dramatic views south towards the city, the peninsula and the infinite desert beyond.

The tower will welcome tenants with a soaring 20-meter tall lobby featuring a high articulated lamella structure which supports the tower above and articulates the space below. The geometry of the lobby area is generated by applying the principles of lamella structures. The structure provides continuity from the building to its footing and acts as a strengthening component while being completely integrated with the structure.

Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Design Partner: Gary Haney, AIA

Managing Partner: Peter Magill, AIA

Technical Partner: Carl Galioto, FAIA

Project Manager: Donald R. Williams, AIA

Senior Designer: Aybars Asci, AIA

Senior Technical Coordinator: Mark Igou, AIA

Designer: Dean MacKenzie

Technical Coordinators: Samuel Ness, Eric Van Epps, James Mallory, Noppon Pisutharnon, Yasemin Kologlu, Souraya Daouk, Tobias Schwinn

Associate Architect: Al-Jazera Consultants

Structural Engineer: Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP

Structural Partner: Mark Sarkisian, Neville Mathais